How is impulse related to momentum?

Impulse is directly related to momentum through the impulse-momentum theorem, which states that the impulse applied to an object is equal to the change in its momentum. This relationship can be expressed mathematically as:

Impulse = Change in Momentum

This means that when a force acts on an object for a period of time, it creates an impulse that results in a change in the object's momentum. For example, if a soccer ball is kicked and experiences a force from the foot, the impulse generated by that force causes the ball's momentum to increase, leading to a change in its velocity and direction.

This understanding highlights that impulse does not merely increase momentum but is fundamentally a measure of how momentum changes as a result of an external force applied over time. The other choices either misrepresent the relationship or lack relevance to the fundamental physics principles governing momentum and impulse.